Atopic dermatitis - 特應性皮炎
常見於裸露的褶皺處，例如眼瞼和頸部。異位性皮膚炎通常是由對花粉或蟎蟲過敏引起的。
這種類型的急性濕疹對低效率皮質類固醇洗劑反應良好。最好儘早使用外用藥物，因為抓傷後病變會變厚並變成苔蘚。
References
異位性皮膚炎是濕疹的一種，是最常見的慢性皮膚發炎。原因很複雜，涉及遺傳和環境因素，導致皮膚外層和免疫系統異常。
Atopic dermatitis (AD), which is a specific form of eczema, is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease. Atopic dermatitis has a complex etiology including genetic and environmental factors which lead to abnormalities in the epidermis and the immune system.
Atopic dermatitis (AD), which is a specific form of eczema, is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease. Atopic dermatitis has a complex etiology including genetic and environmental factors which lead to abnormalities in the epidermis and the immune system.
異位性皮膚炎發作的主要治療方法是使用外用皮質類固醇。吡美莫司和他克莫司是局部鈣調神經磷酸酶抑制劑，可以添加到局部皮質類固醇作為初始治療。當標準治療不夠時，紫外線光療是治療中度至重度異位性皮膚炎的安全有效的選擇。針對金黃色葡萄球菌的抗生素可有效對抗繼發性皮膚感染。雖然較新的藥物 (crisaborole and dupilumab) 顯示出治療異位性皮膚炎的希望，但目前它們對許多患者來說太昂貴。
The primary treatment for flare-ups of atopic dermatitis is using topical corticosteroids. Pimecrolimus and tacrolimus, which are topical calcineurin inhibitors, can be added to topical corticosteroids as initial treatment. When standard treatments aren't enough, ultraviolet phototherapy is a safe and effective option for moderate to severe atopic dermatitis. Antibiotics targeting Staphylococcus aureus are effective against secondary skin infections. While newer medications (crisaborole, dupilumab) show promise for treating atopic dermatitis, they're currently too expensive for many patients.
The primary treatment for flare-ups of atopic dermatitis is using topical corticosteroids. Pimecrolimus and tacrolimus, which are topical calcineurin inhibitors, can be added to topical corticosteroids as initial treatment. When standard treatments aren't enough, ultraviolet phototherapy is a safe and effective option for moderate to severe atopic dermatitis. Antibiotics targeting Staphylococcus aureus are effective against secondary skin infections. While newer medications (crisaborole, dupilumab) show promise for treating atopic dermatitis, they're currently too expensive for many patients.
異位性皮膚炎是全科醫學常見的問題，尤其是兒童。為患有這種疾病的孩子開局部類固醇處方需要充分掌握。讓父母堅持治療需要充分解釋，減輕他們對皮質類固醇長期副作用的擔憂。
Atopic dermatitis is a common issue in general practice, especially among children. Prescribing topical steroids for kids with this condition requires a good grasp of it. Getting parents to follow through with treatment involves explaining well, easing their worries about long-term side effects of corticosteroids.
Atopic dermatitis is a common issue in general practice, especially among children. Prescribing topical steroids for kids with this condition requires a good grasp of it. Getting parents to follow through with treatment involves explaining well, easing their worries about long-term side effects of corticosteroids.
原因尚不清楚，但居住在城市和氣候乾燥的人更容易受到影響。接觸化學物質（例如肥皂）或頻繁洗手會使症狀惡化。雖然情緒壓力可能會使症狀惡化，但這並不是原因。
治療方法包括避免使病情惡化的事情（例如使用肥皂）、在出現紅斑時使用類固醇藥膏、服用止癢藥物。通常會使情況變得更糟的因素包括羊毛衣服、肥皂、香水、灰塵、飲酒和香菸煙霧。如果有細菌感染，可能需要使用抗生素（口服藥丸或外用乳膏）。
○ 治療 - 非處方藥
在患處塗抹非處方類固醇和服用非處方抗組織胺是有效的。在大多數情況下，這是最重要的。可以使用各種保濕劑。然而，由於異位性皮膚炎是免疫問題，僅靠保濕霜並不能解決所有問題。用肥皂清洗病變部位可能會使症狀惡化。當您無法入睡或感到壓力時，大多數過敏性疾病往往會變得更糟。
* 非處方抗組織胺藥
#Cetirizine [Zytec]
#Diphenhydramine [Benadryl]
#LevoCetirizine [Xyzal]
#Fexofenadine [Allegra]
#Loratadine [Claritin]
* 非處方類固醇
#Hydrocortisone cream
#Hydrocortisone ointment
#Hydrocortisone lotion
* 非處方保濕霜
#Eucerin
#Cetaphil