Atopic dermatitis - 特應性皮炎
常見於裸露的皺褶處，例如眼瞼和頸部。異位性皮膚炎通常是因對花粉或塵蟎過敏所致。
這種類型的急性濕疹對低效能皮質類固醇洗劑反應良好。建議儘早使用外用藥物，因為抓傷後病變會變厚並形成苔蘚。
relevance score : -100.0%
References異位性皮膚炎是濕疹的一種，也是最常見的慢性皮膚發炎。其原因相當複雜，涉及遺傳與環境因素，導致皮膚外層及免疫系統異常。
Atopic dermatitis (AD), which is a specific form of eczema, is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease. Atopic dermatitis has a complex etiology including genetic and environmental factors which lead to abnormalities in the epidermis and the immune system.
Atopic dermatitis (AD), which is a specific form of eczema, is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease. Atopic dermatitis has a complex etiology including genetic and environmental factors which lead to abnormalities in the epidermis and the immune system.
異位性皮膚炎發作時，主要的治療方法是使用外用皮質類固醇。pimecrolimus(吡美莫司)和tacrolimus(他克莫司)是局部鈣調神經磷酸酶抑制劑，可與外用皮質類固醇合併作為初始治療。當標準治療不足時，紫外線光療是治療中度至重度異位性皮膚炎的安全且有效的選擇。針對金黃色葡萄球菌的抗生素可有效控制繼發性皮膚感染。雖然較新的藥物 (crisaborole and dupilumab) 顯示出治療異位性皮膚炎的希望，但目前對許多患者而言仍然過於昂貴。
The primary treatment for flare-ups of atopic dermatitis is using topical corticosteroids. Pimecrolimus and tacrolimus, which are topical calcineurin inhibitors, can be added to topical corticosteroids as initial treatment. When standard treatments aren't enough, ultraviolet phototherapy is a safe and effective option for moderate to severe atopic dermatitis. Antibiotics targeting Staphylococcus aureus are effective against secondary skin infections. While newer medications (crisaborole, dupilumab) show promise for treating atopic dermatitis, they're currently too expensive for many patients.
The primary treatment for flare-ups of atopic dermatitis is using topical corticosteroids. Pimecrolimus and tacrolimus, which are topical calcineurin inhibitors, can be added to topical corticosteroids as initial treatment. When standard treatments aren't enough, ultraviolet phototherapy is a safe and effective option for moderate to severe atopic dermatitis. Antibiotics targeting Staphylococcus aureus are effective against secondary skin infections. While newer medications (crisaborole, dupilumab) show promise for treating atopic dermatitis, they're currently too expensive for many patients.
異位性皮膚炎是全科醫學中常見的問題，尤其在兒童中更為普遍。為患有此疾病的孩子開立局部類固醇處方時，需要充分掌握相關知識。要讓父母持續配合治療，必須充分說明，減輕他們對類固醇長期副作用的擔憂。
Atopic dermatitis is a common issue in general practice, especially among children. Prescribing topical steroids for kids with this condition requires a good grasp of it. Getting parents to follow through with treatment involves explaining well, easing their worries about long-term side effects of corticosteroids.
Atopic dermatitis is a common issue in general practice, especially among children. Prescribing topical steroids for kids with this condition requires a good grasp of it. Getting parents to follow through with treatment involves explaining well, easing their worries about long-term side effects of corticosteroids.
原因尚不清楚，但居住在城市或氣候乾燥地區的人較易受影響。接觸化學物質（例如肥皂）或頻繁洗手會使症狀加重。雖然情緒壓力可能使症狀惡化，但它不是主要原因。
治療方法包括避免誘發因素（例如使用肥皂）、在出現紅斑時使用類固醇藥膏，以及服用止癢藥物。常見的加重因素有羊毛衣物、肥皂、香水、灰塵、飲酒和香菸煙霧。若合併細菌感染，可能需要使用抗生素（口服藥丸或外用乳膏）。
○ 治療 - 非處方藥
在患處塗抹非處方類固醇並服用非處方抗組織胺是有效的，且在大多數情況下是首要措施。可使用各種保濕劑，但因異位性皮膚炎屬免疫性問題，僅靠保濕霜無法解決所有症狀。用肥皂清洗病變部位可能會使症狀惡化；當無法入睡或感到壓力時，過敏性疾病往往會加重。
* 非處方抗組織胺藥
#Cetirizine [Zytec]
#Diphenhydramine [Benadryl]
#LevoCetirizine [Xyzal]
#Fexofenadine [Allegra]
#Loratadine [Claritin]
* 非處方類固醇
#Hydrocortisone cream
#Hydrocortisone ointment
#Hydrocortisone lotion
* 非處方保濕霜
#Eucerin
#Cetaphil